Pressure-Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion (PiCSO) in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The PiCSO-AMI-I Trial.

BACKGROUND: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has improved clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. However, as many as 50% of patients still have suboptimal myocardial reperfusion and experience extensive myocardial necrosis. The PiCSO-AMI-I trial (Pressure-Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion-Acute Myocardial Infarction-I) evaluated whether PiCSO therapy can further reduce myocardial infarct size (IS) in patients undergoing pPCI. METHODS: Patients with anterior ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0-1 were randomized at 16 European centers to PiCSO-assisted pPCI or conventional pPCI. The PiCSO Impulse Catheter (8Fr balloon-tipped catheter) was inserted via femoral venous access after antegrade flow restoration of the culprit vessel and before proceeding with stenting. The primary end point was the difference in IS (expressed as a percentage of left ventricular mass) at 5 days by cardiac magnetic resonance. Secondary end points were the extent of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage at 5 days and IS at 6 months. RESULTS: Among 145 randomized patients, 72 received PiCSO-assisted pPCI and 73 conventional pPCI. No differences were observed in IS at 5 days (27.2%±12.4% versus 28.3%±11.45%; P=0.59) and 6 months (19.2%±10.1% versus 18.8%±7.7%; P=0.83), nor were differences between PiCSO-treated and control patients noted in terms of the occurrence of microvascular obstruction (67.2% versus 64.6%; P=0.85) or intramyocardial hemorrhage (55.7% versus 60%; P=0.72). The study was prematurely discontinued by the sponsor with no further clinical follow-up beyond 6 months. However, up to 6 months of PiCSO use appeared safe with no device-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In this prematurely discontinued randomized trial, PiCSO therapy as an adjunct to pPCI did not reduce IS when compared with conventional pPCI in patients with anterior ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. PiCSO use was associated with increased procedural time and contrast but no increase in adverse events up to 6 months. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03625869.

Restrictive vs Liberal Blood Transfusions for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Anaemia by Heart Failure Status: An RCT Subgroup Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell transfusion can cause fluid overload. We evaluated the interaction between heart failure (HF) at baseline and transfusion strategy on outcomes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: We used data from the randomized REALITY trial (https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/study/NCT02648113), comparing restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in patients with AMI and anaemia. HF was defined as history of HF or Killip class > 1 at randomization. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: composite of all-cause death, non-recurrent AMI, stroke, or emergency revascularization prompted by ischaemia) at 30 days. RESULTS: Among 658 randomized patients, 311 (47.3%) had HF. HF patients had higher rates of MACE at 30 days and 1 year, and higher rates of non-fatal new-onset HF. There was no interaction between HF and effect of randomized assignment on the primary outcome or non-fatal new-onset HF. A liberal transfusion strategy was associated with increased all-cause death at 30 days and at 1 year in HF patients (Pinteraction = 0.009 and P = 0.049, respectively). The main numerical difference in cause of death between restrictive and liberal strategies was death by HF at 30 days (4 vs 11). CONCLUSIONS: HF is frequent in AMI patients with anaemia and is associated with higher risk of MACE (including all-cause death) and non-fatal new-onset HF. While there was no interaction of HF with effect of transfusion strategy on MACE, a liberal transfusion strategy was associated with higher all-cause death that appears driven by a higher risk of early death due to HF.

Systematic Aetiological Assessment of Myocarditis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Myocarditis is commonly diagnosed in the intensive care cardiology unit (ICCU). No current recommendation nor guideline aids exist for aetiological assessments. METHODS: From September 2021 to October 2023, 84 patients with acute myocarditis underwent thorough and systematic serum and blood cell panel evaluations to determine the most common causes of myocarditis. RESULTS: Of the 84 patients (median age 34 years, range 22-41 years, 79% male), 16 presented with complicated myocarditis. The systematic aetiological assessment revealed that 36% of patients were positive for lupus anticoagulant, 12% for antinuclear antibodies, 8% for anti-heart antibodies, and 12% for anti-striated muscle antibodies. Viral serology did not yield any significant results. After the aetiological assessment, one patient was diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory disorder (Still's disease). T-cell subset analyses indicated that myocarditis severity tended to increase with the T-cell lymphopenia status. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive, systematic aetiological assessment was of limited value in terms of predicting the clinical or therapeutic outcomes in myocarditis patients presenting to the ICCU.

Low-Dose Colchicine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Myocardial Infarction in the Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT).

OBJECTIVE: The cardiovascular benefits of low-dose colchicine have been demonstrated in patients with coronary disease. Its effects were evaluated in this prespecified analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (COLCOT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: COLCOT was a randomized, double-blinded trial of colchicine, 0.5 mg daily, versus placebo initiated within 30 days after a myocardial infarction. RESULTS: There were 959 patients with T2D enrolled and monitored for a median of 22.6 months. A primary end point event occurred in 8.7% of patients in the colchicine group and in 13.1% in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.65; 95% CI 0.44-0.96; P = 0.03). Nausea was reported in 2.7% and 0.8% in the study groups (P = 0.03), and pneumonia occurred in 2.4% and 0.4% (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with T2D and a recent myocardial infarction, colchicine, 0.5 mg daily, leads to a large reduction of cardiovascular events. These results support the conduct of the COLCOT-T2D trial in primary prevention.

Social and clinical vulnerability in stroke and STEMI management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a registry-based study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate whether the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a deterioration in the quality of care for socially and/or clinically vulnerable stroke and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. DESIGN: Two cohorts of STEMI and stroke patients in the Aquitaine neurocardiovascular registry. SETTING: Six emergency medical services, 30 emergency units, 14 hospitalisation units and 11 catheterisation laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France. PARTICIPANTS: This study involved 9218 patients (6436 stroke and 2782 STEMI patients) in the neurocardiovascular registry from January 2019 to August 2020. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Care management times in both cohorts: first medical contact-to-procedure time for the STEMI cohort and emergency unit admission-to-imaging time for the stroke cohort. Associations between social (deprivation index) and clinical (age >65 years, neurocardiovascular history) vulnerabilities and care management times were analysed using multivariate linear mixed models, with an interaction on the time period (pre-wave, per-wave and post-first COVID-19 wave). RESULTS: The first medical contact procedure time was longer for elderly (p<0.001) and 'very socially disadvantaged' (p=0.003) STEMI patients, with no interaction regarding the COVID-19 period (age, p=0.54; neurocardiovascular history, p=0.70; deprivation, p=0.64). We found no significant association between vulnerabilities and the admission imaging time for stroke patients, and no interaction with respect to the COVID-19 period (age, p=0.81; neurocardiovascular history, p=0.34; deprivation, p=0.95). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed pre-existing inequalities in care management times for vulnerable STEMI and stroke patients; however, these inequalities were neither accentuated nor reduced during the first COVID-19 wave. Measures implemented during the crisis did not alter the structured emergency pathway for these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04979208.

Rationale and design of the ULYSS trial: A randomized multicenter evaluation of the efficacy of early Impella CP implantation in acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock.

CONTEXT: Despite 20 years of improvement in acute coronary syndromes care, patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) remains a major clinical challenge with a stable incidence and mortality. While intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) did not meet its expectations, percutaneous mechanical circulatory supports (pMCS) with higher hemodynamic support, large availability and quick implementation may improve AMICS prognosis by enabling early hemodynamic stabilization and unloading. Both interventional and observational studies suggested a clinical benefit in selected patients of the IMPELLAⓇ CP device within in a well-defined therapeutic strategy. While promising, these preliminary results are challenged by others suggesting a higher rate of complications and possible poorer outcome. Given these conflicting data and its high cost, a randomized clinical trial is warranted to delineate the benefits and risks of this new therapeutic strategy. DESIGN: The ULYSS trial is a prospective randomized open label, 2 parallel multicenter clinical trial that plans to enroll patients with AMICS for whom an emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is intended. Patients will be randomized to an experimental therapeutic strategy with pre-PCI implantation of an IMPELLAⓇ CP device on top of standard medical therapy or to a control group undergoing PCI and standard medical therapy. The primary objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of this experimental strategy by a composite end point of death, need to escalate to ECMO, long-term left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation at 1 month. Among secondary objectives 1-year efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness will be assessed. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05366452.

Efficacy and Safety of TiNO-Coated Stents versus Drug-Eluting Stents in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Practice guidelines define drug-eluting stents (DES) as the standard of care in coronary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This is based on comparisons with bare-metal stents (BMS). However, non-drug-eluting titanium-nitride-oxide-coated stents (TiNOS) have not been taken into account. The objective of this study is to determine whether TiNOS can be used as an alternative to DES in ACS. (2) Methods: A prospective systematic literature review (SLR), conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, was performed, wherein multiple literature databases from 2018 and 2022 were searched. Prospective, randomised, controlled trials comparing outcomes after PCI with TiNOS vs. DES in any coronary artery disease (CAD) were searched. Clinical outcomes were meta-analytic pooled risk ratios (RR) of device-oriented Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) and their components. The analysis stratified outcomes reported with ACS-only vs. ACS jointly with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). (3) Results: Five RCTs were eligible, comprising 1855 patients with TiNOS vs. 1363 with DES at a 1-year follow-up. Three enrolled patients presented with ACS only and two with ACS or CCS. The latter accounted for most of the patients. The one-year pooled RRs in those three RCTs were as follows: MACE 0.93 [0.72, 1.20], recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) 0.48 [0.31, 0.73], cardiac death (CD) 0.66 [0.33, 1.31], clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) 1.55 [1.10, 2.19], and stent thrombosis (ST) 0.35 [0.20, 0.64]. Those results were robust to a sensitivity analysis. The evidence certainty was high in MACE and moderate or low in the other endpoints. (4) Conclusions: TiNOS are a non-inferior and safe alternative to DES in patients with ACS.

Effects of healthcare system transformations spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic on management of stroke and STEMI: a registry-based cohort study in France.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of changes in use of care and implementation of hospital reorganisations spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic (first wave) on the acute management times of patients who had a stroke and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). DESIGN: Two cohorts of patients who had an STEMI and stroke in the Aquitaine Cardio-Neuro-Vascular (CNV) registry. SETTING: 6 emergency medical services, 30 emergency units (EUs), 14 hospitalisation units and 11 cathlabs in the Aquitaine region. PARTICIPANTS: This study involved 9218 patients (6436 patients who had a stroke and 2782 patients who had an STEMI) in the CNV Registry from January 2019 to August 2020. METHOD: Hospital reorganisations, retrieved in a scoping review, were collected from heads of hospital departments. Other data were from the CNV Registry. Associations between reorganisations, use of care and care management times were analysed using multivariate linear regression mixed models. Interaction terms between use-of-care variables and period (pre-wave, per-wave and post-wave) were introduced. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: STEMI cohort, first medical contact-to-procedure time; stroke cohort, EU admission-to-imaging time. RESULTS: Per-wave period management times deteriorated for stroke but were maintained for STEMI. Per-wave changes in use of care did not affect STEMI management. No association was found between reorganisations and stroke management times. In the STEMI cohort, the implementation of systematic testing at admission was associated with a 41% increase in care management time (exp=1.409, 95% CI 1.075 to 1.848, p=0.013). Implementation of plan blanc, which concentrated resources in emergency activities, was associated with a 19% decrease in management time (exp=0.801, 95% CI 0.639 to 1.023, p=0.077). CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic did not markedly alter the functioning of the emergency network. Although stroke patient management deteriorated, the resilience of the STEMI pathway was linked to its stronger structuring. Transversal reorganisations, aiming at concentrating resources on emergency care, contributed to maintenance of the quality of care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04979208.

Development and evaluation of the accuracy of an indicator of the appropriateness of interventional cardiology generated from a French registry.

BACKGROUND: Development of appropriateness indicators of medical interventions has become a major quality-of-care issue, especially in the domain of interventional cardiology (IC). The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the accuracy of an indicator of the appropriateness of interventional cardiology acts (invasive coronary angiographies (ICA) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI)) in patients with coronary stable disease and silent ischemia, automated from a French registry. METHODS: All ICA and PCI recorded in a Regional IC Registry (ACIRA) and operated for a stable coronary artery disease or silent ischemia from January 1st to December 31th 2013 in eight IC hospitals of Aquitaine, southwestern France, were included. The indicator was developed to reflect European guidelines. Classification of appropriateness by the indicator, measured on the registry database, was compared to the classification of a reference standard (expert judgment applied through complete record review) on a random sample of 300 interventions. Accuracy parameters were estimated. A second version of the indicator was defined, based on the analysis of false negative and positive results, and its accuracy estimated. RESULTS: The second indicator accuracy was: sensitivity 63.5% (95% confidence interval CI [51.7-75.3]), specificity 76.0% (95%CI [70.4-81.6]), PPV 43.0% (95% CI [33.0-53.0]) and NPV 88.0% (95% CI [83.4-92.6]). When stratified on the type of act, parameters were better for ICA alone than for PCI. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of the indicator should raise with improvement of database quality. Despite its average accuracy, it is already used as a benchmark indicator for cardiologists. It is sent annually to each IC center with value of the indicator at the region level to allow a comparison.

Glycaemic Variability and Hyperglycaemia as Prognostic Markers of Major Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients Hospitalised in Cardiology Intensive Care Unit for Acute Heart Failure.

(1) Background: Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia are both emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the potential effect of glycaemic variability (GV) on mid-term major cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetic patients presenting with acute heart failure (AHF) remains unclear. This study investigates the prognostic value of GV in diabetic patients presenting with acute heart failure (AHF). (2) Methods: this was an observational study including consecutive patients with diabetes and AHF between January 2015 and November 2016. GV was calculated using standard deviation of glycaemia values during initial hospitalisation in the intensive cardiac care unit. MACE, including recurrent AHF, new-onset myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and cardiac death, were recorded. The predictive effects of GV on patient outcomes were analysed with respect to baseline characteristics and cardiac status. (3) Results: In total, 392 patients with diabetes and AHF were enrolled. During follow-up (median (interquartile range) 29 (6−51) months), MACE occurred in 227 patients (57.9%). In total, 92 patients died of cardiac causes (23.5%), 107 were hospitalised for heart failure (27.3%), 19 had new-onset myocardial infarction (4.8%) and 9 (2.3%) had an ischaemic stroke. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that GV > 50 mg/dL (2.70 mmol/L), age > 75 years, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 30%) and female gender were independent predictors of MACE: hazard ratios (HR) of 3.16 (2.25−4.43; p < 0.001), 1.54 (1.14−2.08; p = 0.005), 1.47 (1.06−2.07; p = 0.02) and 1.43 (1.05−1.94; p = 0.03), respectively. (4) Conclusions: among other well-known factors of HF, a GV cut-off value of >50 mg/dL was the strongest independent predictive factor for mid-term MACE in patients with diabetes and AHF.

One-year care pathway after acute myocardial infarction in 2018: Prescription, medical care and medication adherence, using a French health insurance reimbursement database.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Guidelines have been published to optimize medical care and involve optimization of the care pathway and hospital-city coordination. AIMS: To describe the myocardial infarction care pathway during the year following hospital discharge, and the use of and adherence to secondary prevention drugs. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted using data from the main French health insurance reimbursement database of the ex-Aquitaine region. Information about the medical and pharmaceutical care of hospitalized patients in 2018 was collected for 12 months. Medication adherence was assessed by using the proportion of days covered by the treatment and persistence. RESULTS: A total of 3015 patients were included, and the mean age was 66 years. Almost 76% of the patients had a reimbursement for BAS (combined prescription of beta-blocker/antiplatelet/lipid-lowering drug), BASI (combined prescription of beta-blocker/antiplatelet/lipid-lowering drug/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) or AS (combined prescription of antiplatelet/lipid-lowering drug) treatment. Medication adherence was around 83% for aspirin and 75% for lipid-lowering drugs for the 1-year persistence. During the same time, the proportion of days covered was suboptimal. Almost 4% of patients died after leaving hospital, 45% went to a cardiac rehabilitation centre and 23% had at least one hospital readmission, whatever the reason. Patients had a mean number of 11 general practitioner consultations during the year. Almost 41% of patients did not have a consultation with a cardiologist, and 38.4% had at least two consultations. Rehabilitation and general practitioner consultations were associated with adherence. CONCLUSIONS: These new results provide clear information on the medical care environment of patients, and help us to improve care transition. Close collaboration between healthcare practitioners is very important in the early stages of outpatient follow-up.

Economic evaluation of fractional flow reserve-guided versus angiography-guided multivessel revascularisation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in the FLOWER-MI randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have multivessel disease, the FLOWER-MI trial found no significant clinical benefit to fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to angiography-guided PCI. AIMS: Our aim was to estimate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of FFR-guided PCI, the secondary endpoint of the FLOWER-MI trial. METHODS: Costs, major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI], and unplanned hospitalisation leading to urgent revascularisation), and quality-adjusted life years were calculated in both groups. The incremental cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios were estimated. Uncertainty was explored by probabilistic bootstrapping. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the health care provider with a time horizon of one year. RESULTS: At one year, the average cost per patient was 7,560€ (±2,218) in the FFR-guided group and 7,089€ (±1,991) in the angiography-guided group (p-value<0.01). The point estimates for the incremental cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios found that the angiography-guided strategy was cost saving and improved outcomes, with a probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirming dominance. CONCLUSIONS: The FFR-guided strategy at one year is unlikely to be cost effective compared to the angiography-guided strategy on both clinical and quality of life outcomes.

Diuretic vs. placebo in intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized clinical trial.

AIMS: The role of diuretics in patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is controversial. In this multicentre, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned normotensive patients with intermediate-risk PE to receive either a single 80 mg bolus of furosemide or a placebo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible patients had at least a simplified PE Severity Index (sPESI) ≥1 with right ventricular dysfunction. The primary efficacy endpoint assessed 24 h after randomization included (i) absence of oligo-anuria and (ii) normalization of all sPESI items. Safety outcomes were worsening renal function and major adverse outcomes at 48 hours defined by death, cardiac arrest, mechanical ventilation, or need of catecholamine. A total of 276 patients underwent randomization; 135 were assigned to receive the diuretic, and 141 to receive the placebo. The primary outcome occurred in 68/132 patients (51.5%) in the diuretic and in 49/132 (37.1%) in the placebo group (relative risk = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.61; P = 0.021). Major adverse outcome at 48 h occurred in 1 (0.8%) patients in the diuretic group and 4 patients (2.9%) in the placebo group (P = 0.19). Increase in serum creatinine level was greater in diuretic than placebo group [+4 µM/L (-2; 14) vs. -1 µM/L (-11; 6), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: In normotensive patients with intermediate-risk PE, a single bolus of furosemide improved the primary efficacy outcome at 24 h and maintained stable renal function. In the furosemide group, urine output increased, without a demonstrable improvement in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, or arterial oxygenation.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02268903.

Myocardial blood flows and reserves on solid state camera: Correlations with coronary history and cardiovascular risk factors.

OBJECTIVES: Study designed to test association between stress-induced myocardial blood flow (sMBF), resting MBF (rMBF), and MBF reserve (MFR) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population of CAD and non-coronary patients. Secondary objectives were to confront visual analysis and dynamic analysis and to explore potential association between MBF and several cardiovascular risk factors METHODS: A total of 155 patients who underwent dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging on a CZT camera were included. sMBF, rMBF, and MFR were evaluated, and cardiovascular risk was assessed. RESULTS: Significantly lower total sMBF and MFR were observed in CAD patient vs non-CAD patient. In comparison with visual analysis, lower sMBF were found in pathologic territory, lower rMBF in necrotic territory and lower MFR in necrotic ones. A significant correlation between total sMBF, rMBF and diabetes was found. CONCLUSION: sMBF and MFR as assessed on CZT gamma-cameras can be used to determine the coronary state. Low total sMBF might be an independent risk factor of coronaropathy. An inverse correlation was suggested between total sMBF and rMBF with diabetes.

High-resolution Free-breathing late gadolinium enhancement Cardiovascular magnetic resonance to diagnose myocardial injuries following COVID-19 infection.

PURPOSE: High-resolution free-breathing late gadolinium enhancement (HR-LGE) was shown valuable for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes with non-obstructed coronary arteries. The method may be useful to detect COVID-related myocardial injuries but is hampered by prolonged acquisition times. We aimed to introduce an accelerated HR-LGE technique for the diagnosis of COVID-related myocardial injuries. METHOD: An undersampled navigator-gated HR-LGE (acquired resolution of 1.25 mm3) sequence combined with advanced patch-based low-rank reconstruction was developed and validated in a phantom and in 23 patients with structural heart disease (test cohort; 15 men; 55 ± 16 years). Twenty patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection associated with troponin rise (COVID cohort; 15 men; 46 ± 24 years) prospectively underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with the proposed sequence in our center. Image sharpness, quality, signal intensity differences and diagnostic value of free-breathing HR-LGE were compared against conventional breath-held low-resolution LGE (LR-LGE, voxel size 1.8x1.4x6mm). RESULTS: Structures sharpness in the phantom showed no differences with the fully sampled image up to an undersampling factor of x3.8 (P > 0.5). In patients (N = 43), this acceleration allowed for acquisition times of 7min21s ± 1min12s at 1.25 mm3 resolution. Compared with LR-LGE, HR-LGE showed higher image quality (P = 0.03) and comparable signal intensity differences (P > 0.5). In patients with structural heart disease, all LGE-positive segments on LR-LGE were also detected on HR-LGE (80/391) with 21 additional enhanced segments visible only on HR-LGE (101/391, P < 0.001). In 4 patients with COVID-19 history, HR-LGE was definitely positive while LR-LGE was either definitely negative (1 microinfarction and 1 myocarditis) or inconclusive (2 myocarditis). CONCLUSIONS: Undersampled free-breathing isotropic HR-LGE can detect additional areas of late enhancement as compared to conventional breath-held LR-LGE. In patients with history of COVID-19 infection associated with troponin rise, the method allows for detailed characterization of myocardial injuries in acceptable scan times and without the need for repeated breath holds.

Percutaneous Myocardial Revascularization in Late-Presenting Patients With STEMI.

BACKGROUND: The optimal management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting late->12 hours following symptom onset-is still under debate. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics, temporal trends, and impact of revascularization in a large population of latecomer STEMI patients. METHODS: The authors analyzed the data of 3 nationwide observational studies from the FAST-MI (French Registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction) program, conducted over a 1-month period in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Patients presenting between 12 and 48 hours after symptom onset were classified as latecomers. RESULTS: A total of 6,273 STEMI patients were included in the 3 cohorts, 1,169 (18.6%) of whom were latecomers. After exclusion of patients treated with fibrinolysis and patients deceased within 2 days after admission, 1,077 patients were analyzed, of whom 729 (67.7%) were revascularized within 48 hours after hospital admission. At 30-day follow-up, all-cause death rate was significantly lower among revascularized latecomers (2.1% vs 7.2%; P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 58 months, the rate of all-cause death was 30.4 (95% CI: 25.7-35.9) per 1,000 patient-years in the revascularized latecomers group vs 78.7 (95% CI: 67.2-92.3) per 1,000 patient-years in the nonrevascularized latecomers group (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, revascularization of latecomer STEMI patients was independently associated with a significant reduction of mortality occurrence during follow-up (HR: 0.65 [95% CI: 0.50-0.84]; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary revascularization of latecomer STEMI patients is associated with better short and long-term clinical outcomes.

Bail-out therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to calcified lesion causing stent underexpansion: Intravascular lithotripsy is in the lead.

A 52-year-old male was referred for an acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Coronary angiography revealed an acute left anterior descending artery occlusion. The patient was treated with a drug-eluting stent (DES). Despite long and repeated high-pressure inflations (>20 atm) of non-compliant balloons, OPN NCⓇ high-pressure balloon (SIS Medical AG; Frauenfeld, Switzerland), rotational atherectomy, and cutting balloon, there was a severe hourglass stent underexpansion caused by coronary calcification. Thus, intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) (Shockwave Medical, Fremont, CA, USA) was attempted to re-dilate this calcified lesion. Underexpansion was successfully treated after delivering 70 shockwaves to the narrowest segment. IVL delivers localized pulsatile sonic pressure waves inducing circumferential calcium modification and multiple fractures. Our observation illustrates the additional value of coronary lithotripsy as a bail-out procedure to tackle severely calcified, de novo coronary lesions causing stent underexpansion in the context of STEMI, when all other available techniques failed. .

First-in-Man trial of a drug-free bioresorbable stent designed to minimize the duration of coronary artery scaffolding.

For the last two decades, various degradable stents have been proposed to treat coronary artery diseases and replace metallic stents to avoid residual foreign material after healing. To date, the right balance between suitable scaffolding and loss of radial strength soon after endothelium restoration is still an unmet need. The present article reports on the First-in-Man trial of a drug-free bioresorbable stent based on a lactic acid stereocopolymer composed of 98% l-lactyl units selected to release stress shielding earlier than in the case of homopoly(l-lactic acid). Thirty patients with single de novo coronary lesions were included in the trial. The fate of scaffolds was monitored by clinical and imaging follow-ups to assess rate of adverse events, acute recoil, late luminal loss, and late lumen recovery. There was no death, no myocardial infarction, and no stent thrombosis observed over the 36 months trial. Dismantling occurred about 3 months after implantation. Bioresorption was almost completed at 2 years. The late lumen loss observed at the end of the first year was partly compensated one year later by enlarging remodeling. At one year, a neointimal hyperplasia slightly greater than for drug-eluting metallic and bioresorbable stents was shown using optical coherence tomography. The excess of hyperplasia was discussed relative to struts thickness, absence of anti-proliferative drug, and release of degradation by-products.

International consensus validation of the POPI tool (Pediatrics: Omission of Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions) to identify inappropriate prescribing in pediatrics.

INTRODUCTION: While drug prescription should be based on established recommendations stemming from clinical trials but in pediatrics, many drugs are used without marketing authorization. Consequently recommendations are often based on clinical experience and the risk of inappropriate prescription (IP) is high. A tool for detecting IP in pediatrics-called POPI (Pediatrics: Omission of Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions)-has been developed in France. However the relevance of its use at an international level is not known. Our aim has been to adapt POPI for a worldwide use. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A two-round Delphi online questionnaire was completed and validated by international experts to identify consensual items. They were asked to rate the validity of each items taking into account the recommendations and practices in their countries. Only propositions obtaining a median score in the upper tertile with an agreement of more than 75% of the panel-for the first round-and 85%-for the second round-were retained. RESULTS: Our panel included 11 pharmacists (55%) and 9 physicians (45%). The panelists came from 12 different countries: England, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Ivory Coast, Ireland, Malaysia, Portugal, Switzerland, Turkey and Vietnam. At the end of the first round, of the 105 items of the original POPI tool, 80 items were retained including 16 items reworded and 25 items were deleted. In the second round, 14 experts participated in the study. This final international POPI tool is composed of 73 IP and omissions of prescriptions in the fields of neuropsychiatry, dermatology, infectiology, pneumology, gastroenterology, pain and fever. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study highlights international consensus on prescription practice in pediatrics. The use of this tool in everyday practice could reduce the risk of inappropriate prescription. The impact of the diffusion of POPI tool will be assessed in a prospective multicentric study.

Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on general health care. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nationwide lockdown in France on admissions to hospital for acute myocardial infarction, by patient characteristics and regional prevalence of the pandemic. METHODS: In this registry study, we collected data from 21 centres participating in the ongoing French Cohort of Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (FRENCHIE) registry, which collects data from all patients admitted for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) within 48 h of symptom onset. We analysed weekly hospital admissions over 8 weeks: the 4 weeks preceding the institution of the lockdown and the 4 weeks following lockdown. The primary outcome was the change in the number of hospital admissions for all types of acute myocardial infarction, NSTEMI, and STEMI between the 4 weeks before lockdown and the 4 weeks after lockdown. Comparisons between categorical variables were made using χ2 tests or Fisher's exact tests. Comparisons of continuous variables were made using Student's t tests or Mann-Whitney tests. Poisson regression was used to determine the significance of change in hospital admissions over the two periods, after verifying the absence of overdispersion. Age category, region, and type of acute myocardial infarction (STEMI or NSTEMI) were used as covariables. The FRENCHIE cohort is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04050956. FINDINGS: Between Feb 17 and April 12, 2020, 1167 patients were consecutively admitted within 48 h of acute myocardial infarction (583 with STEMI, 584 with NSTEMI) and were included in the study. Admissions for acute myocardial infarction decreased between the periods before and after lockdown was instituted, from 686 before to 481 after lockdown (30% decrease; incidence rate ratio 0·69 [95% CI 0·51-0·70]). Admissions for STEMI decreased from 331 to 252 (24%; 0·72 [0·62-0·85]), and admissions for NSTEMI decreased from 355 to 229 (35%; 0·64 [0·55-0·76]) following institution of the lockdown, with similar trends according to sex, risk factors, and regional prevalence of hospital admissions for COVID-19. INTERPRETATION: A marked decrease in hospital admissions was observed following the lockdown, irrespective of patient characteristics and regional prevalence of COVID-19. Health authorities should be aware of these findings, in order to adapt their message if the COVID-19 pandemic persists or recurs, or in case of future major epidemics. FUNDING: Recherche Hospitalo-Universitaire en Santé iVasc.